These questions are designed to test your knowledge and help you solidify key concepts about the respiratory system. Take your time, think through each question, and don’t worry—this is all about learning, not perfection. Good luck!
Question 1: Which artery provides oxygenated blood to the lung tissue itself?
A) Pulmonary artery
B) Bronchial artery
C) Subclavian artery
D) Coronary artery
Explanation: The bronchial arteries provide oxygenated blood to the lung tissue itself, including the bronchi, connective tissue, and pleura. This is distinct from the pulmonary arteries, which carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation. The pulmonary artery primarily supports gas exchange, whereas the bronchial artery nourishes the structural tissues of the lungs.
Question 2: Which vessels are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
A) Pulmonary veins
B) Pulmonary arteries
C) Bronchial arteries
D) Bronchial veins
Explanation: The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation. The pulmonary artery primarily supports gas exchange, whereas the bronchial artery nourishes the structural tissues of the lungs.
Question 3: How many pulmonary veins typically drain oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium?
A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five
Explanation: There are typically four pulmonary veins that drain oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart—two from each lung. However, variations can occur.
\Question 4: Which side of the bronchial circulation usually has a single artery?
A) Right
B) Left
C) Both
D) None of the above
Explanation: The bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the lung tissues, including the bronchi and connective tissue. Typically, the right side has a single bronchial artery, which arises from the thoracic aorta or indirectly from other arteries such as the intercostobronchial trunk. In contrast, the left side usually has two bronchial arteries arising directly from the thoracic aorta.
Question 5: How many bronchial arteries typically supply the left lung?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
Explanation: The bronchial circulation supplies oxygenated blood to the lung tissues, including the bronchi and connective tissue. Typically, the right side has a single bronchial artery, which arises from the thoracic aorta or indirectly from other arteries such as the intercostobronchial trunk. In contrast, the left side usually has two bronchial arteries arising directly from the thoracic aorta.
Question 6: The right bronchial artery most commonly arises from which structure?
A) The aortic arch
B) The superior left bronchial artery
C) The thoracic aorta
D) A branch of the third posterior intercostal artery
Explanation: Typically, the rightbronchial artery arises from the thoracic aorta or indirectly from other arteries such as the intercostobronchial trunk. In contrast, the left side usually has two bronchial arteries arising directly from the thoracic aorta.
Question 7: The left bronchial arteries arise directly from which major vessel?
A) Aortic arch
B) Thoracic aorta
C) Subclavian artery
D) Brachiocephalic trunk
Explanation: Typically, the rightbronchial artery arises from the thoracic aorta or indirectly from other arteries such as the intercostobronchial trunk. In contrast, the left side usually has two bronchial arteries arising directly from the thoracic aorta.
Question 8: Which vein do the right bronchial veins drain into?
A) Azygos vein
B) Hemiazygos vein
C) Inferior vein cava
D) Left pulmonary vein
Explanation: The right bronchial veins drain into the azygos vein, which carries deoxygenated blood to the superior vena cava.
Question 9: Which vein do the left bronchial veins drain into?
A) Accessory Hemizygos vein
B) Azygos vein
C) Superior vena cava
D) Right pulmonary vein
Explanation: The left bronchial veins drain into the accessory hemiazygos vein or into the left superior intercostal vein.
Question 10: What percentage of blood flow in the lungs is contributed by the bronchial circulation?
A) 1%
B) 2-5%
C) 10%
D) 15%
Explanation: The bronchial circulation contributes about 2-5% of the total blood flow to the lungs. This blood primarily supplies oxygenated blood to the lung tissues, such as the bronchi and connective tissues, while the majority of blood flow (about 95-98%) comes from the pulmonary circulation for gas exchange.
Question 11: Where do pulmonary arteries originate?
A) Right atrium
B) Right ventricle
C) Left atrium
D) Left ventricle
Explanation: The pulmonary arteries arise from the right ventricle and transport deoxygenated blood to the lungs. From there, the blood is oxygenated before returning to the heart through the pulmonary veins.
Question 12: Which vein returns oxygenated blood to the heart?
A) Pulmonary vein
B) Pulmonary artery
C) Bronchial vein
D) Azygous vein
Explanation: The pulmonary arteries arise from the right ventricle and transport deoxygenated blood to the lungs. From there, the blood is oxygenated before returning to the heart through the pulmonary veins.
Question 13: The pulmonary trunk bifurcates into which of the following?
A) Left and right bronchial arteries
B) Left and right pulmonary arteries
C) Superior and inferior pulmonary veins
D) Azygos and hemiazygos veins
.
Question 14: What is the oxygen saturation level of blood in the pulmonary artery?
A) 95-100%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 35%
.
Question 15: Which statement best describes the dual blood supply of the lungs?
A) Both pulmonary and bronchial arteries supply oxygenated blood
B) The bronchial arteries supply the alveoli
C) Pulmonary circulation handles gas exchange, while bronchial circulation nourishes lung tissues
D) Pulmonary veins drain all lung blood
.
Question 16: Which venous structure drains most of the blood from the lung's larger airways?
A) Superior vena cava
B) Bronchial veins
C) Pulmonary veins
D) Subclavian veins
.
Question 17: Pulmonary arteries carry blood to which specific structure?
A) Visceral pleura
B) Alveoli
C) Bronchioles
D) Diaphragm
.
Question 18: Which arteries supply the trachea?
A) Inferior thyroid arteries
B) Pulmonary artery
C) Intercostal arteries
D) Subclavian arteris
.
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